ecological fallacy การใช้

• However, diverging views have contested whether Durkheim's work really contained an ecological fallacy.
• Statisticians have observed that the Court's approach is invalidated by the ecological fallacy.
• Inferences about individuals based on aggregate data are weakened by the ecological fallacy.
• Thinking both are equal is an example of ecological fallacy.
• Moreover, this technique can bring about issues related to large-area statistics, that is, ecological fallacy.
• Durkheim stands accused of committing an ecological fallacy.
• I think Slru is committing something like the ecological fallacy in his 4 point deduction above.
• The ecological fallacy may occur when conclusions about individuals are drawn from analyses conducted on grouped data.
• A striking ecological fallacy is Simpson's paradox.
• :Also related to the ecological fallacy . . . though that's not " quite " the same thing either.
• An early example of the ecological fallacy was study of suicide in France although this has been debated by some.
• Many examples of ecological fallacies can be found in studies of social networks, which often combine analysis and implications from different levels.
• He has written that individuals should keep in mind the influence of both confirmation bias and the ecological fallacy in looking at trends in the data.
• The four common statistical ecological fallacies are : confusion between ecological correlations and individual correlations, confusion between group average and total average, Simpson's paradox, and other statistical methods.
• Reviews have found that these concerns were flawed, due to reliance on the ecological fallacy and the purported mechanism of causing tumors being unlikely to actually cause cancer.
• However, this approach suffers from the potential of ecological fallacy, where the data shows an association between an intervention and a change in the outcome, but there is actually no causal relationship.
• In statistics an ecological fallacy is a logical fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data where inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong.
• Where real-world patterns may not conform to the regions discussed, issues such as the ecological fallacy and the modifiable areal unit problem ( MAUP ) can lead to major misinterpretations, and other techniques are preferable.
• The second criticism concerned the ecological fallacy : Meadow's calculation had assumed that the cot death probability within any single family was the same as the aggregate ratio of cot deaths to births for the entire affluent-non-smoking population.